JS1k: The JavaScript code golfing competition

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/*
	 * global variables
	 *
	 * p (land) : planet heightmap
	 * t (time) : animation timer
	 * a (a2) : secondary canvas (cache)
	 * cc(c2) : secondary canvas 2D context
	 * n (rGradient) : (beginning only, can be reused) : star gradient cache
	 * e (i2) : secondary canvas image buffer
	 * d (d2) : secondary canvas image buffer data
	 * f (rx) : planet tilt angle
	 * x y w (x)(y)(z) : cartesian coordinates of screen projection onto planet
	 * x - n (xp)(yp)(zp) : cartesian coordinates of ray hit onto rotated planet
	 * i (l) altitude of land at given pixel
	 * n (light) : light received by pixel while drawing planet
	 * q (k) : drawn pixel offset into secondary canvas image buffer data
	 * u (sunX) : coordinates to draw sun on screen
	 * n (planetSize) : radius of planet in pixels
	 * n (halfSize) : radius of sun in pixels
	 * i (i) loop index
	 * i t n s x y f (i)(j)(t)(n)(x)(y) : loop coordinates upon generating planet
	 * s : seed for pseudorandom, changed by planet generation
	 *
	 * parameters needed
	 *  star radius
	 *  star color
	 *  planet ocean level
	 *  planet colors
	 */
	 

	// create a cache for the planet and the star
	a = a.cloneNode(p=[s=5]);
	cc = a.getContext("2d");
	e = cc.getImageData(t=0,0,150,150); d=e.data;
	
	setInterval( function () {
		if (t%1275<1) {
			// arriving to a new star system
			
			// draw the star onto the cache
			cc.fillStyle = n = cc.createRadialGradient(225, 75, 25, 225, 75, 60);
			n.addColorStop(x=y=f=0, "rgb("+[50, 31+s%15&255, 15+s%32&255]);
			n.addColorStop(1, "#000");
			cc.fillRect(150,0,150,150);

			// dig the oceans
			for (; f<256*256; )
				p[f++]=Math.min(0,3*Math.cos((f&255)/20)-3*Math.cos(f/12800)-s%7+2);

			// then add the hills
			for (n=3e5;--n;s*=(256-s)/65)	// logistic map for pseudorandom
				for (x+=[0,1,0,-1][s&3],
					 y+=[0,1,0,-1][3-s&3],
					 t=-6;++t;)
					for (i=0;++i-6;) 
						p[256*(y+t&255)+(x+i&255)]+=.01;
		}

		// drawView()
		// 0-100 : whiteout progressively vanishes, motions starts slowly
		// 100-300 : pan on star
		// 300-400 : bring planet to center
		// 400-500 : move forward towards planet
		// 500-700 : still, planet rotates
		// 900-1100 : fly over planet
		// 1100-1275 : initiate warp

		// draw the rotated planet into the cache
		f = Math.cos(++t/200);
		for (y=-75; ++y<75;)
			for(x=-(u=Math.sqrt(75*75-y*y)&255),
				q = 4*((y+75)*150+75-u);
				++x<u;)
			{
				w=Math.sqrt(75*75-y*y-x*x);
				i = p[((128*Math.atan2(n = y*Math.sin(f)+Math.cos(f)*w,x) + t)/Math.PI&255)+256*(Math.acos((-w*Math.sin(f)+Math.cos(f)*y)/75)*256/Math.PI&255)];
				n = .1+.008*Math.max(0, n-x);
				
				d[q++]= n*(i<0?128-s%128:s%128+s%25*i)&255;
				d[q++]= n*(i<0?-7*i:75+s%50*i)&255;
				d[q++]= n*(i<0?s%128:s%75*i)&255;
				d[q++]=255;
			}
		cc.putImageData(e,0,0);

		// flash vanishes in the first 100 frames
		c.fillStyle="hsl(256,25%,"+Math.max(0,100-t)+"%";
		c.fillRect(0,0,a.width,a.height);
		c.save(c.fillStyle = "#fff");
		c.translate(.5*a.width, a.height/2);
		c.rotate(-.2-.2*Math.cos(Math.max(0, Math.min(t-100, 300))*Math.PI/300));
		
		// camera motion
		c.translate(u = 800*Math.cos(Math.max(0, Math.min(t-90, 300))*Math.PI/300)-400,
					500-500*Math.cos(Math.max(0, Math.min(t-1000, 300))*Math.PI/300));
		
		
		// draw starfield, with trail (frame 1100+) then warp effect (frame 1200+)
		for (i=0; ++i-7500;)
			c.fillRect(i*i%7525-1500,i%2525-1500, Math.max(i%15/7, t-1200), Math.max(1, t-1100));

		// copy scaled planet from cache
		n = 250-75*Math.cos(Math.max(0, Math.min(t-350, 300))*Math.PI/300)
				-150*Math.cos(Math.max(0, Math.min(t-1000, 300))*Math.PI/300);
		c.drawImage(a, 0, 0, 150, 150, 1200-n, -n, 2*n, 2*n);
		
		// draw star (multiple copies of the cache, with the appropriate compositing)
		n=s|40;	// star size, different in each system
		c.globalCompositeOperation="lighter";
		for (i=0;++i-12;)
			c.drawImage(a, 150, 0, 150, 150, -n, -25-n, 2*n, 2*n);
			
		// draw the lens flare
		for (i=0;++i-75;)
			n=25*(i&6),c.drawImage(a, 150, 0, 150, 150, -u*i-n, 25*i-n, 2*n, 2*n);
			
		// reset camera aim, rotation, composite operation for next frame
		c.restore();
		
		
			
	}, 33);